Subject: SMML VOL 1317 Date: Thu, 12 Jul 2001 04:26:03 +1000 shipmodels@tac.com.au -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MODELLERS INDEX 1: CSS Alabama colors 2: Bismarck and Hood 3: Painting WWII USN Carrier Decks 4: Re: Rigging material 5: Re: Red Guns & Decks 6: My site has moved!!! 7: Blood Red Gundecks and Grass Green Bulwarks 8: Small World Models for Speed Readers 9: Re: Rigging material 10: Re: .50 cal BB AA mounts 11: IPMS Nats -- The case rule and hypothetical ships 12: Lost A-I class Destroyer article 13: Re: SS United States (the liner) 14: RN "O" Class destroyers 15: Re: Digitizing Plans In PhotoShop -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Model club & SMMLcon Infomation 1: APMA site update 2: Re: Festival of the Sea Accomodations 3: ACCOMMODATION FOR FOTS PORTSMOUTH. LIST -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TRADERS, ANNOUNCEMENTS & NOTICEBOARD INDEX 1: 1/350 Arizona offered by NauticusModels (taking pre-orders) 2: Gold Medal Models and credit cards -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MODELLERS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) From: Edwparent@aol.com Subject: CSS Alabama colors There is an article on this ship in one of the UK model magazines by Jim Bacon. It contains the most exhaustive references to this ship that I have ever seen. It is 11 pages long and contains many photographs. On the last page of this article he quotes the research of another modeler named Gerald Johnson who says the following about the colors on Alabama: 'Black hull, flush deck, drab (light grey?) inside bulkheads. Round stern with 22 blank gallery windows. Gilt carving on the stern, gilt billet head; a red shield (figurehead). Black bowsprit, jib boom, scrape spar, and heel. Bright (varnish) fore, main,mizzen ,lower and topmasts. Black spanker boom and gaff,yard and crosstrees and booms. Black funnel with bright copper steam pipe. Black rigging chains outside of bulwarks. Masts and yards tipped with black. Red railing round the bridge. Four iron swing davits. Boats painted black outside, drab inside. Two iron swing davits over the stern for the captain's gig. Three double ports each side. Oak planking(deck), coppered (hull).' Unfortunately I have lost the date and magazine name but if you need a copy you can contact me off line. Ed Parent - Civil War Ship Model Builder -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) From: "Baumbach, Werner" Subject: Bismarck and Hood Thanks for the link to the wreckage sights. Quite interesting. I would just like to add a few comments to the historical, as they were a bit misleading. The clash between Hood and Bismarck took place as part of Operation Rheinuebung (Rhine Exercise). Bismarck and Prinz Eugen were to break through into the Atlantic and attack Allied shipping. After leaving Norway the two ships were discovered by HMS Suffolk and Norfolk who continued tracking them until Prince of Wales and Hood arrived. Out of this, a battle developed between the four ships, that in the end lead to the sinking of the Hood. I guess you could say, that there was one fatal shot, that lead to the explosion, that broke the ship apart. She was hit by both Bismarck and Prinz Eugen several times before. Bismarck received a couple of hits as well. One leading to an oil leak, that made her more trackable and another one that reduced her max speed. The fatal hit came by a torpedo that jammed one of her rudders basically taking away the ability to maneuver and outrun the persuers. So you can say, that the battle with Hood was one reason that lead to the sinking of the Bismarck (oil leak). Mainly it was the result of a massive RN operation that brought in all her assets and a massive design mistake around the rudder. Prinz Eugen, at this point, was not with Bismarck any more. The hope was, that she could lead away the persuers and Bismarck could escape to France. She almost did, and was sunk only a couple of hundred miles before she would have been under cover of Axis aircraft. As a side note, is there a complete order of battle on Operation Rheinübung. In one my books German destroyers are mentioned. Would anybody now which ones? For the RN, I have read about destroyers Cossack, Zulu, Sikh, Maori and Piorun did any other take part in the chase. Then it was Hood, King George V, Rodney and Prince of Wales. It is Ark Royal and another carrier I think. And Sheffield. Probably missed a couple. Did anybody on this list started building all the ships of this episode? Happy Modelling Werner Hi Werner, Here's a few more ships: Norfolk, Suffolk, Dorestshire and the carrier Victorious. Shane -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) From: DLockhart@twt.com Subject: Painting WWII USN Carrier Decks I'm in the process of building the USS Hornet. If any has built any WWII carriers, what's the best way to paint the decks? Were they all blue? And is this the same blue that was used to paint the decks of battleships and cruisers? Finally, what's the best combination of Testor's Model Master paints could be used. Thanks. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) From: "Kevin W. Woodruff" Subject: Re: Rigging material >> Where would one purchase the material for rigging called "Tippets Line?" << Tom: Tippet line can be had at a sports supply store that deals in fly-fishing supplies. Kevin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) From: "M & R Brown" Subject: Re: Red Guns & Decks All of the 4" guns in the navy's new museum as Gosport have the mechanisms painted red as did (the last time I looked) Cavalier. But only small parts of Belfast's armament are painted red. So which is right??? Michael Brown -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6) From: Friedrich Kappes Subject: My site has moved!!! I hope now it will be easier to enter... http://www.geocities.com/friedkappes/flagship.html Bye! Friedrich The FriedrichFiles http://www.geocities.com/friedkappes/flagship.html -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7) From: "Edward F Grune" Subject: Blood Red Gundecks and Grass Green Bulwarks Hello SMMLies (That does have a better ring than SMLers!) A few years ago while I was aboard the USS Constitution during her drydocking and reconstruction, the Navy Sailor/Historical Specialist who was my tour guide commented on the green painted inner bulwarks of the spar deck. He said that they were painted such to remind the landsmen of the green grass of home. I believe that the application of such colors have been given mythological significance. They were probably available pigments that were inexpensive and easy to maintain. They do make for a good story, however. Ed Mansfield, TX How does one apply for the job of 'fore top man' on the Constitution in today's Navy? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8) From: Ken Youngstrom Subject: Small World Models for Speed Readers Can anyone access the page http://www.geocities.com/smallworldmodels/ as suggested by Kurt Greiner? I keep getting a partial paint of the page and then Yahoo/GeoCities pops up with a "can't find your page" message and tries to sell me cheap jewelry! What little I can see (reading REAL fast!) looks interesting. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9) From: SHIPMDLR@aol.com Subject: Re: Rigging material >> Where would one purchase the material for rigging called "Tippets Line?" << I purchased mine at a local fishing supply shop. Anyplace that sells fly fishing supplies should be able to help as well. Rusty White 2003 IPMS/USA National Convention Chairman OKC IN 2003! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10) From: "Steven P. Allen" Subject: Re: .50 cal BB AA mounts In lieu of pics thereof, how about a large-scale model? My local walmart carries the GI JOE "Pearl Harbor Memorial Series of 12" figures. One of them is a sailor manning such a mount. While the detail on the mount may not be IPMS quality for that large a scale, the proportions and shapes are correct (judging by the pic on the box), and the tiniest details in this huge scale will disappear in ship scales. Steve Allen -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11) From: "Edward F Grune" Subject: IPMS Nats -- The case rule and hypothetical ships Hi again SMMLies I'd like to congratulate Rusty (publicly) on winning the 2003 IPMS National Convention for Oklahoma City. I'd also like to congratulate him on the application of the case rule. There were several large cased sailing ships that asked for and received waivers for their cases. Rusty's criteria was would removing the case hazard either the model or surrounding models. A smaller sailing ship - with a smaller case and plenty of room had to have its case removed. This was done without problems. All cases were either removed or exempted. Don Pruel even removed the case from his large Baltimore. This was a treat as it allowed even closer inspection of his work -- WOW! On the subject of Hypothetical Ships, there were a couple of ships that had to be moved to the Hypothetical Category. One was a model of the CC-6 USS United States that was scratchbuilt using a couple of Fujimi Yorktowns as the starting point for the hull. The plaque on the base said "Projected Configuration". The Head Judge wanted to move it to hypothetical - because the ship was never launched. The assembled ship judges recommended to Rusty, as the Head Ship Judge, that he approach the Head Judge with the arguement that since metal had been cut and a keel had been laid - the ship had progressed beyond the drawing board/hypothetical stage to the realm of a real ship - perhaps only in spirit. (The CC-6 was broken-up on the ways at 26% completed.) Unfortunately, Rusty did not prevail. Similarly, the scratchbuilt CSS Manassas was moved to the Hypothetical table due largely (IMO) to the word "Conjectural". The builder documented his references, including period drawings. If he hadn't used the "conjectural" word then it would have have remained on the ship table. In this instance the move may have been beneficial - as the Manassas won that category instead of facing the beautiful scratchbuilt IJN BB Fuso (Best Scratchbuilt & Best Ship) and Don Pruel's Baltimore. What can be done to the IPMS USA rules that would better define when a drawing board ship becomes a real ship? Suggestions anyone? Ed Mansfield, TX -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12) From: "Cooper, Mike" Subject: Lost A-I class Destroyer article Dear SMMlies Please help an old librarian in his twilight years....Last year I sent SMML a note about a nifty way to do an A-I class hull from a Tamiya O class. Does anyone remember this piece cos I can't find the original. Sure I can work it out again, but it's the principle of the thing!! Mike Cooper ALA (Aging Librarians Anonymous rather than Associate of the Library Association) Nice Bright sunny Reading - lots of wind (the Town, not me...) PS. Hey...any other SMMlie librarians? Sorry, what a sad thing to ask...you've all got proper jobs I'm sure... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13) From: drwells@hogpb.mt.att.com (David R Wells) Subject: Re: SS United States (the liner) Michael Bartel wrote: >> There was another article this week in the Philadelphia Inquirer's Sunday edition about the fate of the SS United States, which is still sitting here docked near Snyder Avenue on the Delaware River. The owners still don't know what to do with the ship, though they do know that they don't want to scrap her. The problem is, they have no money to do anything. There have been numerous proposals, but I personally think that none of them will come to fruition. The ship is totally gutted (even most bulkheads are apparently gone), and I think it would take a sum more than the cost of building the ship (even allowing for inflation) to do something constructive with her. The idea of turning her into a floating museum like the Queen Mary is an idea I like. << That was what the SS United States Foundation was talking about last late year. (www.ssunitedstates.org) >> The idea of turning her into a floating hotel was debated on the grounds of, "the city has already built more hotels recently than they can hope to fill". << Late last year, they were talking about moving her to New York. Now for a completely unsubstantiated rumor: a reliable source has told me that there are people working on reactivating her engines! I find this rather remarkable to say the least. While I'd like to see her sail again, I have a hard time imagining that it would ever be economically practical. The SS United Stated Foundation web site makes no mention of any engine reactivation effort. Neither does Mike Alexander's web site at http://www.ss-united-states.com/ I'd think that Jodie Peeler would have something to say about all this. Jodie?? >> A tongue-in-cheek idea I once heard was to put guns on the ship to protect Philadelphia from Camden, New Jersey, across the river. (Camden is not really a nice place, folks.) Maybe it's best to just scrap her now. It's costing a lot just to keep here there now, and I don't think that anyone other than an eccentric billionaire would have any real interest in spending all that money when they could just build a new ship. And, it's sad to drive by there and see more rust gathering almost daily. << I disagree that it would be best to scrap her. I tend to think that the hotel/museum idea is the most practical. While it would be costly, it would avoid the huge operational costs of running the engines. David R. Wells "There seems to be something wrong | David R. Wells with our bloody ships today" | AT&T Middletown, NJ Adm. D. Beatty, May 31, 1916 | http://home.att.net/~WellsBrothers/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14) From: Jim Warsher Subject: RN "O" Class destroyers Eager to begin construction of two 1/700 Skywave/Pitroad RN "O" Class ships. Have looked around for reference works which might contain helpful stuff about these ships but pickings have been slim. Anyone on the list been down this road and have ideas/suggestions to offer in aid? Thanks in advance. Jim Hi Jim, Ok, you NEED the Ensign book on War Emergency Class Destroyers by Alan Raven and John Roberts - I cannot recommend it highly enough, even though it's OOP & costs a bundle. Also RN Camouflage Vol 2 by Alan Raven has some nice photos & schemes of the O class as well & it has the benefit of being in print & cheap ;-). Also, WEM's O-P photoetch set is also worthwhile getting as well - even it if did cause curses & mutterings when doing the bofors ;-) Check out reviews of both books and PE on the SMML site. That'll do for starters - hell maybe I'll finish mine before FOTS ;-) Shane -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15) From: "Victor M. Baca" Subject: Re: Digitizing Plans In PhotoShop Mr. Dike made a good suggestion for modelers digitizing ship's plans but not having the ability to learn complex (and expensive) applications like AutoCad. We spent a lot of time and effort asking printing professionals how best to prepare scale plans for magazine reproduction and were given so many conflicting answers that we were forced to use the trial and error method. We finally hit upon the best way to do it using PhotoShop. You can have full sized plans scanned as tiff files at most Kinko's reprographic shops and output to a disk or CD. Unfortunately, the files need to be opened in a Cad program if modifications are necessary. In PhotoShop, you are limited by Kinko's file type to looking at and printing the graphic only. Our local Kinko's insists on locking the disk's file as a matter of policy. For us, that was limiting as we needed to adjust contrast on old blueprints that had yellowed and exhibited ink bleeding, unsharp lines, shipyard coffee stains and yellowed tape repairs to the paper. We finally hit on the solution and it's fairly simple for anyone using Photoshop. You first reduce the plan to fit the platen of your scanner, again any Kinko's or reprographic shop can do it for you. With a line drawing, you can scan as high as you want in resolution for a crisp image routing to a desk-top printer, say 800-1200 dpi. In the scanner, you can also specify any enlargement percentage to bring the plan to the final scale you'll need in PhotoShop. Unlike photocopy enlargements, this does not dramatically affect line weight as you enlarge the image IF you do it in the scanner first. You need to scan the image as a Black And White photo--NOT a line drawing. By scanning as a photo, you 'trick' PhotoShop into thinking it's a full tonal range image, which will allow you to use the full pallette of tools for image enhancement. The most important are Brightness/Contrast (use the "Image" drop down menu), Unsharp mask (use the "Filters" drop down menu) and the drawing tools such as the Eraser, Airbrush and Line tool on the PhotoShop pallette. I normally begin with contrast enhancement to define the image, then make PhotoShop adjustments from there. Now your artistic side takes over from the technical side. You will spend several hours on each drawing sheet, re-drawing lines using the line tool, "erasing" the pixels that stray from a line representing ink migration into the paper, ink and dirt smudges, etc. The neat thing about the line tool is that you can vary the line's width and weight, giving the drawing depth and accuracy for a reproduction keeping with the original draftsman's style. It's a somewhat laborious operation, but almost as absorbing as building a model, what the heck-you are working on a ship, anyway. After making adjustments, you'll have a nice set of plans and PhotoShop can size down as required to output to your printer. If you save the enlarged images to a disk, any modern reprographic shop can reproduce the drawings to the full size of the PhotoShop file. If you check the plans of our magazine's early issues against the current one, you'll see what a dramatic difference an experienced operator can do with a set of plans and believe me, we've literally had to re-draw a lot of horribly damaged plans to reproduce them in print. You can make rips and tears go away, replace faint lines and snap a fuzzy blueprint into sharp focus. After you've made the adjustments, you break the rules using Unsharp Mask to sharpen the image as the last step. This is normally a tool where a little goes a long way. In the case of line drawings, though--go full bore to 500%. Finally, reduce the file's size by using the drop down menu to convert the drawing's "Mode" from grayscale to bitmap and save as a tiff file. I hope this helps any modelers needing to salvage a set of plans. After going through these steps, pat yourself on the back--you just saved a piece of history. Victor Baca MODEL SHIP JOURNAL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Model club & SMMLcon Infomation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) From: Shane Subject: APMA site update Hi all, The APMA site has moved to: http://apma.org.au/ It's also been updated. Also, a quick reminder to anyone in Sydney of a standing invitation to attend any of our meetings - next one is this Saturday. Regards, Shane APMA VP Having FUN making models Now PayPal enabled http://apma.org.au/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) From: Duane Fowler Subject: Re: Festival of the Sea Accomodations The Portsmouth Tourist Information Centre web page is at: http://www.visitportsmouth.co.uk/main.asp They list everything in the area from hotels to campgrounds. Unfortunately they have also put the following not on their site: "Please note: due to unprecedented demand it may not be possible for us to book the accommodation requested over the August Bank Holiday weekend (24th - 27th)." Best of luck and regards, Duane Fowler -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) From: "WEM" Subject: ACCOMMODATION FOR FOTS PORTSMOUTH. LIST Hi Guys, Well... I'm still over here in Nevada with John Snyder until next Tuesday. I just picked up a bunch of SMML's re. FOTS... first off, re accommodation, this is always a pain at FOTS. With a few hundred thousand folks descending on Portsmouth over the term of the event, many of them want somewhere to stay. My solution is to forget Portsmouth and Southsea if you haven't found anywhere yet.. everyone looks there. Instead, go for Gosport. Gosport is the other side of the river and is connected to Portsmouth by public ferry.. about a 10 minute ride. During FOTS, a series of shuttle-boats are set up all around the harbour, which will take you there and back at no extra charge, if you have tickets to the event. Gosport is also the home to the RN Submarine museum. I have located a number of places to stay.. I just never got round to doing the web-page.. sorry guys! However, now I have the info I need, I'm in a position to do this. Most prices in English hotels and B+B's/guest houses include full English brekkies and so provide very good vale for money. Do check the location maps.. obviously, the nearer to the harbour you are the more convenient you are for the FOTS shuttle boat. ACCOMMODATION LIST (a few for starters) The Manor Hotel and Pub, Brewers Lane, Bridgemary, Gosport, Hampshire, PO13 0JY http://www.4tourism.com/uk/hotels/manor.html e-mail:the@manorhotel.freeserve.co.uk Phone: +44 (0)1329 232946, Fax: +44 (0)1329 220392 Prices: Single from 42.50GBP Double from: 55.00 per room per night Facilities and Pricing: http://www.4tourism.com/uk/gosport16047.html Alverbank Country House Hotel, Stokes Bay Road, Alverstoke, Gosport, Hampshire, PO12 2QT http://www.4tourism.com/uk/hotels/alverbank.html Phone: +44 (0)23 9251 0005, Fax: +44 (0)23 9252 0864 e-mail: alverbank@clara.co.uk Prices: Single from: £40.00 Double from: £80.00 per room per night Facilities and Pricing http://www.4tourism.com/uk/gosport55613.html West Wind Guest House, 197 Portsmouth Road, Lee on the Solent, Gosport, Hampshire, PO13 9AA http://www.4tourism.com/uk/hotels/westwind1.html Phone: +44 (0)23 9255 2550, Fax: +44 (0)23 9255 4657 dave@west-wind.co.uk Prices: Single from: 32.00 Double from: 40.00 per room per night Facilities and Pricing http://www.4tourism.com/uk/gosport64838.html Kings Lodge Guest House, 16 Kings Road, Lee-on-the-Solent, near Gosport, Hampshire, PO13 9NU Phone: +44 (0)23 9255 2118 (no email or web page) facilities and Pricing http://www.4tourism.com/uk/gosport55618.html Raysal, 90a Fareham Road, Gosport, Hampshire, PO13 0AG Phone: +44 (0)1329 280093 http://www.4tourism.com/uk/gosport55618.html Also, you can contact the following: Gosport Tourist Information Centre, Bus Station Complex, South Street, Gosport , PO12 1EP Tel: 023 9252 2944, Fax: 023 9251 1687 e-mail: tic@gosport.gov.uk They offer a completely free booking service. As do: There is a list of further accommodation at http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/servlist.php3?destcode=72&service=gues (for guest houses) http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/servlist.php3?destcode=72&service=hote (for hotels) The whole of this area is pretty urban, with train and bus services everywhere. FOTS also runs a good number of double decker buses, continuously, from temporary "Satellite" parking areas set up on commons and open areas within a 8 mile radius of Portsmouth right into the naval base. This means that if you have a car, you can consider staying at places like Waterlooville, Fareham, and even the Southampton area. These run all day with peak services in the morning and evening. We were on one of these parks last time (you get directed to the area relevent to your approach direction) and were parked with upwards of 10 thousand cars.. the organisation was phenomenal and extremely efficient. We were inside the gates for 9.00 every morning! If you do want to persist in finding accommodations in Portsmouth and Southsea, or somewhere within Portsmouth itself, try the following pages for Hampshire http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/servlist.php3?areacode=8&service=hote for hotels and http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/servlist.php3?areacode=8&service=gues for B+B's or http://www.resort-guide.co.uk/servlist.php3?areacode=8&service=self for self-catering/holiday cottages etc. The main website for FOTS is http://www.festivalofthesea.co.uk/ For the most recent developments, however, check PRESS AND NEWS/LATEST NEWS on their home page. A great page for all sorts of info on Portsmouoth is http://www.webvision.co.uk/portsmouth.web/index.htm Their "WHERE TO STAY" link lists hundreds of accommodations. Worth a serious browse methinks! BTW, Re. the suggestion of a WEM visit on the 23rd August, the day before the event starts, I'm afraid John and I will be "getting hitched" onboard HMS WARRIOR... Sorry guys!!! However, it looks like Friday night could be the evening of choice for our barbeque over near Southampton at Jim Baumann's... he's about a 20 to minute drive from Portsmouth... for this event, we would ask you to bring your own food... whatever you want.. we'll cook it! We'll provide the camaraderie/drinks etc.Maybe even banjos and guitars (Shane on bass??).. no extra costs involved to anyone! Jim (JB) has hundreds of stunning ship models, and is always delighted to meet other modellers. He is able to cater for up to 200 people at his home at Sarisbury Green on the River Hamble near Southampton. A map to find it would be posted well before the event. Taxis might be more appropriate for groups of folk although there is more-or-less unlimited parking. If it all happens, then place your orders for kits/books/brass/etched brass etc well in advance, and I will bring stuff along specifically for folks. This will be cash only as we won't have credit card facilities. If you would like to let me know of your intention to attend, please let us know as early as possible, as we need to assess approximate numbers for the liquid refreshment end of things. That's all for starters, chaps. All The Best Caroline and John in Reno -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TRADERS, ANNOUNCEMENTS & NOTICEBOARD -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) From: "Christopher Decker" Subject: 1/350 Arizona offered by NauticusModels (taking pre-orders) All: Well, we have all heard the reports, and seen the pretty pictures, now the time has come to get your preorders in. This is the perfect kit to get at your local hobby store, every one of them WILL have it. However, if you don't have ready access to a store, NauticusModels is pleased to offer this fantastic kit for $35.00 (retail price is $38.00). Best off all, this price INCLUDES shipping to US address. (overseas, email me an we can work out a deal, shouldn't be more than a few extra dollars, if at all.) Don't pay now, just sign up, when the models hit the door, we'll email you and let you know there here, and payment arrangements can be made. Feel free to email me at cdecker@nauticusmodels.com if you are interested Happy Modeling Chris Decker President nauticusmodels.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) From: Loren Perry Subject: Gold Medal Models and credit cards >> I would like to know where I can buy a photo-etched detail set for the Yamato battleship in 1/600 (or near) scale, but I have to buy from a company that will ship internationally and accept payment by credit card (I'm from Brazil). I would love to purchase from Gold Medal, but they don't accept credit cards, and I don't know another company that have a detail set for the Yamato. << Although Gold Medal Models is not set up for credit cards, many of our dealers around the world are. For a list of some of these dealers, see the Links section on our web page: www.goldmm.com (Any dealers not included in our list can contact us at goldmedl@rockisland.com or write to us via regular mail and we'll be happy to add you to the list.) We're so busy with our regular manufacturing business that we don't have enough time left to deal with the credit card paperwork, so we're letting our dealers handle credit card purchases for us. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Check out the SMML site for the List Rules, Backissues, Member's models & reference pictures at: http://smmlonline.com Check out the APMA site for an index of ship articles in the Reference section at: http://apma.org.au/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- End of Volume